The emergence and development of foreign strategic environmental impact assessment system

Since the end of the 1960s, environmental protection has become a key area of ​​concern for all countries in the world. The project environmental impact assessment (EIA) has gradually become an important part of environmental protection work in various countries. EIA has played a significant role in improving project design, improving decision-making quality, and preventing serious environmental hazards. In the past 30 years, the work content of EIA has been gradually developed and improved, and many contents such as cleaner production, regional evaluation, and ecological evaluation have been added. However, since the EIA is generally carried out after the project is determined, it is generally difficult to promote the improvement of environmental quality. The evaluation of the project is generally recognized or rejected, and it is difficult to propose alternatives to the project itself. Pierre Andr, and other scholars pointed out;

“After thirty years of practice, we recognize that the ELA process is primarily beneficial in minimizing or compensating for the environmental impact of a project, but rarely provides a model for how to demonstrate and select a development model based on a range of projects. Constructive controversy opportunities. "Because EIA is at the very end of the decision-making process (policy is a unified state), it is impossible to prevent environmental impacts at its source. The importance of environmental impact assessment has increasingly increased from project environmental assessment and planning environmental assessment to strategic environmental impact assessment (SFr). So in the mid-1970s, developed countries such as the United States recognized the shortcomings of EIA and began to extend the application of EIA to policy, planning, and planning levels (PPPs).

With the concept of sustainable development, SEA has emerged. British scholar N. Lee is equal to the concept of SEA in the strategic environmental impact assessment proposed in the 1990s. Currently, SEA has been obtained in more than 100 countries and regions around the world. Application, the application and development of SEA in countries around the world can be divided into two distinct stages in general: the shaping stage of the 1970s and 1980s and the specific stage of the 1990s.

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