As the shotcrete supported by the roadway, its main function is to protect and reinforce the surrounding rock, improve the stress state of the surrounding rock, and fully exert the supporting effect of the surrounding rock, so as to achieve the purpose of maintaining the stability of the roadway. Specifically, shotcrete support has the following effects:
( 1 ) The shotcrete is closely bonded to the surrounding rock, and the tensile stress and shear stress can be transmitted at the interface of the shotcrete. The load of the easily unstable rock mass can be transferred to the nearby stable rock, and at the same time, due to the shotcrete filling. In the open cracks on the surface of the roadway, the inlaying and interlocking effects of the surrounding rock are strengthened, so that rock arches can be formed near the peripheral wall of the roadway. This effect is particularly pronounced in hard rock with multiple fractures.
( 2 ) After the excavation of the roadway, the jet coagulation can be quickly constructed to support the surrounding rock to support the surrounding rock from the bidirectional stress state to the three-direction stress state to prevent the surrounding rock strength from decreasing.
With traditional support, due to the inability to provide continuous radial resistance to the surrounding rock in time, the surrounding rock is loose, and the C and φ values ​​are reduced, causing rock damage and loose pressure. Immediately after the excavation, the applied concrete is sprayed, and the stability of the surrounding rock is improved by providing the support resistance P and C values.
( 3 ) Shotcrete can be used as a thin layer for roadway support, and can support when it starts to harden, so it has good flexibility. This flexibility can not only reduce or avoid the bending stress of the spray layer, but more importantly, it can adjust and control the deformation of the surrounding rock. Under the condition that the surrounding rock does not enter the harmful relaxation, the plastic deformation of the surrounding rock can be allowed to develop to a certain extent. In order to maximize the self-supporting role of the surrounding rock.
( 4 ) Shotcrete can fill the pockets on the surface of the roadway and alleviate stress concentration.
( 5 ) Shotcrete can close the rock face in time to prevent the loss of filler between the fractures, which is conducive to the maintenance of rock mechanics.
( 1 ) The shotcrete is closely bonded to the surrounding rock, and the tensile stress and shear stress can be transmitted at the interface of the shotcrete. The load of the easily unstable rock mass can be transferred to the nearby stable rock, and at the same time, due to the shotcrete filling. In the open cracks on the surface of the roadway, the inlaying and interlocking effects of the surrounding rock are strengthened, so that rock arches can be formed near the peripheral wall of the roadway. This effect is particularly pronounced in hard rock with multiple fractures.
( 2 ) After the excavation of the roadway, the jet coagulation can be quickly constructed to support the surrounding rock to support the surrounding rock from the bidirectional stress state to the three-direction stress state to prevent the surrounding rock strength from decreasing.
With traditional support, due to the inability to provide continuous radial resistance to the surrounding rock in time, the surrounding rock is loose, and the C and φ values ​​are reduced, causing rock damage and loose pressure. Immediately after the excavation, the applied concrete is sprayed, and the stability of the surrounding rock is improved by providing the support resistance P and C values.
( 3 ) Shotcrete can be used as a thin layer for roadway support, and can support when it starts to harden, so it has good flexibility. This flexibility can not only reduce or avoid the bending stress of the spray layer, but more importantly, it can adjust and control the deformation of the surrounding rock. Under the condition that the surrounding rock does not enter the harmful relaxation, the plastic deformation of the surrounding rock can be allowed to develop to a certain extent. In order to maximize the self-supporting role of the surrounding rock.
( 4 ) Shotcrete can fill the pockets on the surface of the roadway and alleviate stress concentration.
( 5 ) Shotcrete can close the rock face in time to prevent the loss of filler between the fractures, which is conducive to the maintenance of rock mechanics.
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