With the advent of the "post-oil era," energy consumption in various countries has turned to natural gas. According to China Chemical Network, China imported 2.91 million tons of LNG (liquefied natural gas) in 2007, more than three times the amount imported in 2006. This strong demand momentum reflects the gradual popularity of LNG in the world. People have become accustomed to calling LNG "big cake in the post-oil era."
Liquefied natural gas has become a hot spot for global investment. For a long time, the laying of natural gas pipelines has been limited by many technical and political factors. This makes the natural gas market regional. Once the producing countries threaten the security of supply, the neighboring importing countries will Seriously affected. In January 2006, the natural gas dispute between Russia and Ukraine had greatly affected European countries. This is a typical case.
As a form of utilization of natural gas, liquefied natural gas solves the problem that gaseous natural gas is not conducive to long-distance transportation, thereby helping importing countries to get rid of excessive dependence on the neighboring energy-rich countries. As more natural gas is liquefied and easily transported to the rest of the world, the risks will be greatly reduced. It is reported that the current global funds for the development of LNG is about 30 billion US dollars. Analysts predict that this figure will reach 100 billion U.S. dollars in the next 10 years, making investment in liquefied natural gas one of the largest investment trends in the world.
As natural gas is more environmentally friendly and economical, the global demand for such energy is increasing. In addition, natural gas is less polluting than coal and oil and meets the requirements of the Kyoto Protocol to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In order to achieve a diversified energy supply, the world's major energy consumers are becoming increasingly interested in liquefied natural gas. According to reports, the total global LNG trading volume in 2005 was about 6.7 trillion cubic feet, of which Japan and South Korea imported liquefied natural gas respectively accounting for 40.4% and 16% of the global total volume. In addition, 90% of global LNG trading is a long-term supply and demand contract, and it is expected that spot market transactions will continue to grow.
In the next 10 years, natural gas consumption in the United States will increase from 65 billion cubic feet per day to 85 billion cubic feet, but over the same period, domestic natural gas production in the United States will only increase from 55 billion cubic feet to 60 billion cubic feet. Although most of the natural gas import demand in the United States was met by pipeline transportation from Canada, Canada’s natural gas export volume has decreased significantly in recent years and it is difficult to meet the growing import demand of the United States. However, Exxon Mobil is currently working with Qatar Petroleum and ConocoPhillips to develop a $14 billion LNG project to transfer Qatar's rich natural gas resources to the Texas coast of the United States.
In addition, Qatar hopes to increase its annual LNG output in 2012 from the current 25 million tons to 77 million tons, thus becoming the world's largest exporter of liquefied natural gas. Qatar has the third-largest natural gas reserves in the world, second only to Russia and Iran. By the end of 2005, the country had proven natural gas reserves of 25.7 trillion cubic meters. However, there are currently only five LNG terminals in the United States. Although there are 40 proposals for U.S. LNG receiving terminal programs, many projects may not be approved by state governments because of concerns about safety and environmental protection.
China's first LNG project reflects comprehensive benefits China's first LNG (liquefied natural gas) import project The Guangdong LNG project entered commercial operation on September 28, 2006. While providing clean energy for the local economic development, this project will also help protect the environment and drive the development of related industries, reflecting higher overall benefits.
Guangdong Project Overview Guangdong Dapeng LNG Co., Ltd. was jointly established by 10 companies including CNOOC and British Petroleum (BP) and is responsible for operating the Guangdong LNG import project in Shenzhen. The company’s vice president, Chu Yanqun, said that the overall project of the first phase of the Guangdong LNG project was divided into LNG transportation projects, LNG shipbuilding projects, LNG station line projects and 11 user projects, and a total of LNG receiving stations and gas transmission lines were established, supporting the construction of new eastern (Shenzhen), Huizhou, Qianwan (Shenzhen) and Zhujiang (Guangzhou) and other four gas power plants, Meishi (Shenzhen) power plant gas to gas, Shenzhen, Dongguan, Guangzhou, Foshan four cities gas gas, Hongkong Electric, Hong Kong gas The two companies are responsible for the use of gas in Hong Kong, LNG transportation services mainly consisting of COSCO Group and China Merchants Group, and LNG ships contracted by Shanghai Hudong Zhonghua Shipyard.
Guangdong LNG Phase I project has a total investment of RMB 29.1 billion, of which the station line project is RMB 7.1 billion, four new power plants and RMB 13.4 billion of oil-to-gas power plants, four-city natural gas utilization projects are RMB 5.2 billion, and transportation projects are RMB 3.3 billion. . The receiving station can receive 3.5 million tons of LNG per year, with a peak capacity of 840 tons per hour. It consists of three 160,000 cubic meters of storage tanks, 290 meters of trestle, a dock capable of stopping 160,000 cubic meters of LNG, five seawater vaporizers and one combustion carburetor. The total length of the pipeline is 379 kilometers, of which trunk lines are 185 kilometers and branch lines are 194 kilometers. The design pressure is 9.2 megapascals, and 11 stations and 27 valve rooms are installed. The LNG supplier came from the northwest continental shelf gas field in Australia and was selected in October 2002 through an international tender and submitted to the State Council for approval.
Since 1995, the former State Development Planning Commission has been working on the preparation of natural gas development plans and has organized relevant units to carry out preliminary research work on LNG projects. In October 1998, the State Council approved Guangdong to pilot and introduce LNG. In 1992, the State Council approved China's first LNG import project - Guangdong LNG pilot project Phase I project project. In October 2003, the Development and Reform Commission approved the approval of the Guangdong LNG Phase I project feasibility study by the State Council. In December 2003, the construction of the receiving station project in Guangdong was started. In November 2004, the pipeline project started. On May 26, 2006, the first ship arrived at LNG. On June 9, it completed the unloading and started receiving at the receiving station. On the 21st, it began to commission pipelines and the project went into production on the 28th. On September 28, the project entered commercial operation.
The LNG project reflects multi-benefits. China's natural gas consumption surpassed supply for the first time in 2003. It is estimated that the gap between supply and demand for natural gas in China will be approximately 30 billion cubic meters in 2010 and approximately 40 billion cubic meters in 2015. The import of LNG is of strategic importance to China's adjustment of its energy structure, and it can ensure the realization of strategic energy reserves, and it also has a peak-regulating effect on domestic natural gas supply.
By the end of 2004, the total installed capacity of Guangdong Power Grid was 42.93 million kilowatts, the same year's electricity consumption was 328.7 billion kwh, and the shortage was about 3 million to 4 million kilowatts. The annual power shortage was about 5 billion kilowatt-hours, and the force peak shift was 33682 times. The installed capacity of 42.93 million kilowatts has 30.9 million kilowatts of thermal power. Coal pollution is the dominant factor in Guangdong's air pollution. In 2003, it was 133 days in Shenzhen, and it increased to 175 days in 2004. Guangdong is also one of the areas most seriously affected by acid rain in the country. Guangdong's coal-based energy consumption structure and long-distance energy supply have brought tremendous pressure on the environment and transportation. LNG projects have the dual benefits of economy and environmental protection.
At the same time, LNG projects have promoted energy cooperation between China and foreign countries. In October 2002, China and Australia signed the declaration of the Natural Gas Technology Partnership Fund. The Australian government provided 25 million Australian dollars to support China's development of the natural gas industry and promote energy cooperation between the two countries. In October 2003, the fund was formally launched and two training centers in China and Australia were established to train technical and management departments for the LNG industry in China.
The Guangdong LNG project also promoted the development of China's shipbuilding industry. The LNG carrier is one of the world's shipbuilding companies with the most complex technology, the most difficult construction, and the highest added value. It is praised as the “crown jewel in the world†for civilian shipbuilding. At that time, only Japan, South Korea, and European countries had the ability to build. After the Guangdong LNG project was tendered, in March 2002 it was determined that the Shanghai Hudong Zhonghua Shipyard will undertake the construction of the LNG carrier. The first 147,000 cubic meters LNG ship was started in July 2004, launched in December 2005, and officially delivered in November 2007, thus filling the domestic gap. The second 147,000 cubic meters of LNG was launched in June 2006 and began to be installed internally. Hudong Eastern China now has five LNG orders and orders from abroad.
It is reported that CNOOC has 10 LNG import projects under construction, projects, or pending approvals on the coast, including Guangdong Dapeng, Fujian Putian, Shanghai (Yangshan), Ningbo, Zhejiang, Wenzhou, Guangdong Zhuhai, Shantou, and Hainan Yangpu. Yancheng, Jiangsu and Qinhuangdao, Hebei. The Fujian project with gas source in Indonesia has already started. The Shanghai and Ningbo projects have been approved. The gas source for the Shanghai project is determined as Malaysia. Among them, the receiving capacity of Dapeng Station was 3.7 million tons in 2006, 5.5 million tons in 2007, and will rise to 12.1 million tons in 2008. Putian Station is planned to be completed in 2008 with an annual capacity of 2.6 million tons, which will rise to 5 million tons by 2010. The Shanghai Station and Ningbo Station will be completed in 2009 with an annual receiving capacity of 4 million tons. Zhuhai Station and Yangpu Station are scheduled to be completed in 2010. The annual receiving capacity is 3 million tons and 2 million tons respectively.
It is worth looking forward to LNG cold energy utilization technology. With the soaring international oil prices, energy and electricity costs have increased dramatically, and the utilization of LNG cold energy has begun to enter the limelight. For China, where per capita energy resources are only half of the world, the use of LNG cold energy is even more necessary.
LNG Emerging Industries Flourish In June 2006, China's first LNG project was put into operation in Shenzhen, which started the history of China's import of LNG. At present, the Fujian LNG project has signed a long-term 25-year long-term contract with Indonesia's Donggu Gas Field with an annual supply of 2.6 million tons. The Shanghai LNG project has also reached an annual long-term gas supply agreement of 3 million tons with the Malaysian oil company.
By 2010, in addition to the already-produced Guangdong LNG projects, projects under construction in Fujian and Shanghai will also be put into operation one after another. By then, China's LNG imports will reach a scale of 10 million tons per year.
According to China's LNG use plan, the domestic production capacity will reach 90 billion cubic meters in 2010 and 240 billion cubic meters in 2020. In importing natural gas, the National Development and Reform Commission estimates that by 2020, China will import 35 billion cubic meters, which is 7 times the total amount received by Guangdong Province.
The value of LNG cold energy utilization is huge While the three major oil giants in China are passionate about LNG construction, the use of LNG cold energy, a companion energy source for green environmental protection, has also attracted wide attention from all walks of life. In particular, international oil prices have remained high at over US$120. As well as the dramatic increase in the cost of electricity, the economic and social benefits of LNG cold energy utilization are increasingly salient.
According to reports, the gasification process per ton of LNG is equivalent to the release of 830 to 860 megajoules of cold energy. The same cooling method requires 850 kWh of electricity, which is estimated to be approximately RMB 420 according to the current Fujian electricity price. If you use cold energy for other projects, you can save 500 to 700 kWh per ton of LNG.
According to statistics, a 3 million-ton/year LNG receiving station, after deducting the pressure energy consumed in the high-pressure export of gas, can use 76 megawatts of cold power, equivalent to approximately 1 billion kWh of electrical energy. It is estimated that by the middle of this century, if China consumes 500 billion cubic meters of natural gas per year, including 100 billion cubic meters of imported LNG (equivalent to Japan's current import volume), the available cold energy is equivalent to 25.7 billion kWh/year, equivalent to 600 Million kilowatts of power generation per year.
Currently, LNG cold energy utilization projects in the world are mostly single users, and there are few multi-user integration projects. Only 20% of LNG cold energy has so far been utilized. The reason is that, on the one hand, at present, three-quarters of the 120 million tons of LNG trade is purchased by Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan from the international market. They have a developed market economy and few people in the land. It is difficult to simultaneously carry out LNG receiving station projects. Integrated planning and arrangement of cold energy utilization of downstream user groups; on the other hand, previous energy prices were low, resulting in low investment efficiency of cold energy comprehensive utilization projects.
Experts believe that specific historical opportunities have enabled China's LNG cold energy to have a comprehensive integration condition. Utilizing this opportunity, China's LNG cold energy utilization will certainly be able to achieve breakthroughs in technology, management mechanisms, and market operations.
Fujian LNG cold energy project has a demonstration effect China's first LNG cold energy utilization project started on September 27, 2007 in Putian, Fujian. The project was jointly established by CNOOC and AP. CNOOC will use this project as a demonstration project for the comprehensive utilization of LNG cold energy, and will subsequently invest in the construction of cold energy power generation, waste tire cryonic smashing, seawater desalination, dry ice manufacturing, refrigeration and preservation logistics projects to build and build Fujian LNG cold energy. Comprehensive use of industrial parks.
It is understood that the Fujian LNG station line project includes 1 receiving station/gas pipeline project and 8 gas projects. Among them, the first-phase construction includes: LNG receiving stations and gas trunk lines, LNG transportation projects, newly-built gas-fired power plants, five city gas users, and LNG tankers with an annual receiving capacity of 2.6 million tons. Gas project.
According to estimates by experts, the first phase of cold energy utilization is about 880 million kilowatt-hours of electricity, which has considerable social and economic benefits.
Putian Project uses the technology of British BP to develop China's LNG cold energy utilization business. Judging from the current situation, China may have plans for each large-scale LNG receiving station to include the industrial energy recycling economy chain of the cold energy utilization industrial chain, natural gas cooling, heating and power supply, and the separation of light hydrocarbons for the recycling of chemical raw materials. Economic Park. At the same time, the LNG cold energy comprehensive optimization and utilization technology with independent intellectual property rights has been developed to enable LNG cold energy to be scientifically and fully integrated and optimized.
The development of natural gas can not ignore the role of LNG peaking the international oil prices all the way up, the natural gas price advantage has stimulated the strong demand for China's natural gas market. On the other hand, soaring oil prices have also prompted international LNG suppliers to increase supply prices, making it difficult for China to purchase imported LNG.
At present, China's self-produced natural gas mainly relies on a limited number of long-distance transmission pipelines. Apart from the huge hidden safety problems in gas supply, it also exposes the problem of poor peak-sealing capacity of long-distance pipelines. Therefore, the National Development and Reform Commission recently issued a policy on the use of natural gas, which regards urban gas heating gas and industrial fuel gas as permissible rather than included in the priority category. The reporter believes that this is related to the current peak seasoning capacity of long-distance pipelines.
Insufficient gas supply in winter due to tight gas supply In the past few years, the winter natural gas market in various parts of the country has often been in short supply. This has caused many city gas companies to contract the development of the natural gas market to avoid the risk of winter outages. In some economically more developed cities, gas users can and will be willing to pay for higher season peak seasoning gas sources, which has prompted Zhongyuan Oilfield and other companies to launch inland LNG projects, which has also led to the construction of large-scale foreign exchange companies in Xinjiang. Inland LNG projects. The practices of Zhongyuan Oilfield and Xinjiang Guanghui reflect, to a certain extent, the need of China's urban gas market for LNG as a seasonal peaking gas source.
From the United States to see how to solve the problem of seasonal peaking The seasonal peaking problem has a close relationship with the history of the development of LNG. The world's first shipment of LNG took place in 1959, but the world's first LNG production plant was put into operation as early as 1941. In that year, the gas company in Cleveland, USA, in order to solve the seasonal peaking problem, liquefied natural gas transferred from non-peak natural gas pipelines to LNG and stored it, using peak gas hours as a supplemental gas source.
To date, nearly 100 such inland LNG peaking facilities have been built in the United States with a total natural gas reserve of about 2.4 billion cubic meters. The data shows that the total amount of LNG exported from inland LNG storage stations throughout the United States is about 1.3 billion cubic meters annually. These inland LNG facilities are generally built in the vicinity of the gas-using cities and are connected to the gas pipelines of local city gas companies. Some of them rely on tankers to turn around.
In fact, in addition to inland LNG facilities, the United States also relies on underground gas storage for seasonal peaks. Based on the total output of the entire winter season, the seasonal peak load of underground gas storages is much greater than that of inland LNG facilities. However, due to the difficulty in making significant adjustments to the injection and gas production rates of underground gas storages, and because the gas outflow rate is affected to a large extent by the remaining reserves in the gas storage, it is necessary to cooperate with inland LNG facilities in order to cope with the higher fluctuations in demand. Variety.
The development experts who support the seasonal supplemental gas source industry believe that in order to maintain a sustained, high-speed and healthy economic development, China should take the proportion of natural gas in the energy structure as a long-term energy strategy.
In the past few years, the tight supply and demand situation of natural gas in winter has exposed the problem of the unsatisfactory natural gas supply and demand layout in China. Seasonal peak adjustment has become an important constraint factor in the development of China's natural gas industry. How to solve the natural gas peaking problem in winter? The American experience can be used as a reference. However, we must also be soberly aware that the natural gas pipeline network density in China is far lower than that in the United States, the gas source is far from the market, and the geographical conditions for the development of underground gas storage facilities are not as good as the United States. Therefore, it is imperative to rely on inland LNG as seasonal peaking gas source.
The state should continue to increase the share of natural gas in the energy structure, and support the development of supplemental gas sources while striving to develop this rustic source and introduce overseas gas sources as conventional gas sources to meet basic needs. Because, the effective and rational use of inland LNG as seasonal peaking gas source can not only improve the energy efficiency of China, but also help the natural gas market to ease the contradiction between supply and demand in winter, and can also improve the supply of the entire natural gas industry chain including long-distance pipelines. Capability and economic benefits. As for whoever builds and operates LNG storage and gasification facilities, experts believe that provincial gas companies in different regions, in addition to city gas companies, should also actively participate. The cooperation between the city gas company and the provincial natural gas company will be conducive to the construction of a complete and effective regional natural gas transmission, gas storage, and gas distribution system, so as to promote the healthy, stable and sustainable development of China's natural gas industry.
Liquefied natural gas has become a hot spot for global investment. For a long time, the laying of natural gas pipelines has been limited by many technical and political factors. This makes the natural gas market regional. Once the producing countries threaten the security of supply, the neighboring importing countries will Seriously affected. In January 2006, the natural gas dispute between Russia and Ukraine had greatly affected European countries. This is a typical case.
As a form of utilization of natural gas, liquefied natural gas solves the problem that gaseous natural gas is not conducive to long-distance transportation, thereby helping importing countries to get rid of excessive dependence on the neighboring energy-rich countries. As more natural gas is liquefied and easily transported to the rest of the world, the risks will be greatly reduced. It is reported that the current global funds for the development of LNG is about 30 billion US dollars. Analysts predict that this figure will reach 100 billion U.S. dollars in the next 10 years, making investment in liquefied natural gas one of the largest investment trends in the world.
As natural gas is more environmentally friendly and economical, the global demand for such energy is increasing. In addition, natural gas is less polluting than coal and oil and meets the requirements of the Kyoto Protocol to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In order to achieve a diversified energy supply, the world's major energy consumers are becoming increasingly interested in liquefied natural gas. According to reports, the total global LNG trading volume in 2005 was about 6.7 trillion cubic feet, of which Japan and South Korea imported liquefied natural gas respectively accounting for 40.4% and 16% of the global total volume. In addition, 90% of global LNG trading is a long-term supply and demand contract, and it is expected that spot market transactions will continue to grow.
In the next 10 years, natural gas consumption in the United States will increase from 65 billion cubic feet per day to 85 billion cubic feet, but over the same period, domestic natural gas production in the United States will only increase from 55 billion cubic feet to 60 billion cubic feet. Although most of the natural gas import demand in the United States was met by pipeline transportation from Canada, Canada’s natural gas export volume has decreased significantly in recent years and it is difficult to meet the growing import demand of the United States. However, Exxon Mobil is currently working with Qatar Petroleum and ConocoPhillips to develop a $14 billion LNG project to transfer Qatar's rich natural gas resources to the Texas coast of the United States.
In addition, Qatar hopes to increase its annual LNG output in 2012 from the current 25 million tons to 77 million tons, thus becoming the world's largest exporter of liquefied natural gas. Qatar has the third-largest natural gas reserves in the world, second only to Russia and Iran. By the end of 2005, the country had proven natural gas reserves of 25.7 trillion cubic meters. However, there are currently only five LNG terminals in the United States. Although there are 40 proposals for U.S. LNG receiving terminal programs, many projects may not be approved by state governments because of concerns about safety and environmental protection.
China's first LNG project reflects comprehensive benefits China's first LNG (liquefied natural gas) import project The Guangdong LNG project entered commercial operation on September 28, 2006. While providing clean energy for the local economic development, this project will also help protect the environment and drive the development of related industries, reflecting higher overall benefits.
Guangdong Project Overview Guangdong Dapeng LNG Co., Ltd. was jointly established by 10 companies including CNOOC and British Petroleum (BP) and is responsible for operating the Guangdong LNG import project in Shenzhen. The company’s vice president, Chu Yanqun, said that the overall project of the first phase of the Guangdong LNG project was divided into LNG transportation projects, LNG shipbuilding projects, LNG station line projects and 11 user projects, and a total of LNG receiving stations and gas transmission lines were established, supporting the construction of new eastern (Shenzhen), Huizhou, Qianwan (Shenzhen) and Zhujiang (Guangzhou) and other four gas power plants, Meishi (Shenzhen) power plant gas to gas, Shenzhen, Dongguan, Guangzhou, Foshan four cities gas gas, Hongkong Electric, Hong Kong gas The two companies are responsible for the use of gas in Hong Kong, LNG transportation services mainly consisting of COSCO Group and China Merchants Group, and LNG ships contracted by Shanghai Hudong Zhonghua Shipyard.
Guangdong LNG Phase I project has a total investment of RMB 29.1 billion, of which the station line project is RMB 7.1 billion, four new power plants and RMB 13.4 billion of oil-to-gas power plants, four-city natural gas utilization projects are RMB 5.2 billion, and transportation projects are RMB 3.3 billion. . The receiving station can receive 3.5 million tons of LNG per year, with a peak capacity of 840 tons per hour. It consists of three 160,000 cubic meters of storage tanks, 290 meters of trestle, a dock capable of stopping 160,000 cubic meters of LNG, five seawater vaporizers and one combustion carburetor. The total length of the pipeline is 379 kilometers, of which trunk lines are 185 kilometers and branch lines are 194 kilometers. The design pressure is 9.2 megapascals, and 11 stations and 27 valve rooms are installed. The LNG supplier came from the northwest continental shelf gas field in Australia and was selected in October 2002 through an international tender and submitted to the State Council for approval.
Since 1995, the former State Development Planning Commission has been working on the preparation of natural gas development plans and has organized relevant units to carry out preliminary research work on LNG projects. In October 1998, the State Council approved Guangdong to pilot and introduce LNG. In 1992, the State Council approved China's first LNG import project - Guangdong LNG pilot project Phase I project project. In October 2003, the Development and Reform Commission approved the approval of the Guangdong LNG Phase I project feasibility study by the State Council. In December 2003, the construction of the receiving station project in Guangdong was started. In November 2004, the pipeline project started. On May 26, 2006, the first ship arrived at LNG. On June 9, it completed the unloading and started receiving at the receiving station. On the 21st, it began to commission pipelines and the project went into production on the 28th. On September 28, the project entered commercial operation.
The LNG project reflects multi-benefits. China's natural gas consumption surpassed supply for the first time in 2003. It is estimated that the gap between supply and demand for natural gas in China will be approximately 30 billion cubic meters in 2010 and approximately 40 billion cubic meters in 2015. The import of LNG is of strategic importance to China's adjustment of its energy structure, and it can ensure the realization of strategic energy reserves, and it also has a peak-regulating effect on domestic natural gas supply.
By the end of 2004, the total installed capacity of Guangdong Power Grid was 42.93 million kilowatts, the same year's electricity consumption was 328.7 billion kwh, and the shortage was about 3 million to 4 million kilowatts. The annual power shortage was about 5 billion kilowatt-hours, and the force peak shift was 33682 times. The installed capacity of 42.93 million kilowatts has 30.9 million kilowatts of thermal power. Coal pollution is the dominant factor in Guangdong's air pollution. In 2003, it was 133 days in Shenzhen, and it increased to 175 days in 2004. Guangdong is also one of the areas most seriously affected by acid rain in the country. Guangdong's coal-based energy consumption structure and long-distance energy supply have brought tremendous pressure on the environment and transportation. LNG projects have the dual benefits of economy and environmental protection.
At the same time, LNG projects have promoted energy cooperation between China and foreign countries. In October 2002, China and Australia signed the declaration of the Natural Gas Technology Partnership Fund. The Australian government provided 25 million Australian dollars to support China's development of the natural gas industry and promote energy cooperation between the two countries. In October 2003, the fund was formally launched and two training centers in China and Australia were established to train technical and management departments for the LNG industry in China.
The Guangdong LNG project also promoted the development of China's shipbuilding industry. The LNG carrier is one of the world's shipbuilding companies with the most complex technology, the most difficult construction, and the highest added value. It is praised as the “crown jewel in the world†for civilian shipbuilding. At that time, only Japan, South Korea, and European countries had the ability to build. After the Guangdong LNG project was tendered, in March 2002 it was determined that the Shanghai Hudong Zhonghua Shipyard will undertake the construction of the LNG carrier. The first 147,000 cubic meters LNG ship was started in July 2004, launched in December 2005, and officially delivered in November 2007, thus filling the domestic gap. The second 147,000 cubic meters of LNG was launched in June 2006 and began to be installed internally. Hudong Eastern China now has five LNG orders and orders from abroad.
It is reported that CNOOC has 10 LNG import projects under construction, projects, or pending approvals on the coast, including Guangdong Dapeng, Fujian Putian, Shanghai (Yangshan), Ningbo, Zhejiang, Wenzhou, Guangdong Zhuhai, Shantou, and Hainan Yangpu. Yancheng, Jiangsu and Qinhuangdao, Hebei. The Fujian project with gas source in Indonesia has already started. The Shanghai and Ningbo projects have been approved. The gas source for the Shanghai project is determined as Malaysia. Among them, the receiving capacity of Dapeng Station was 3.7 million tons in 2006, 5.5 million tons in 2007, and will rise to 12.1 million tons in 2008. Putian Station is planned to be completed in 2008 with an annual capacity of 2.6 million tons, which will rise to 5 million tons by 2010. The Shanghai Station and Ningbo Station will be completed in 2009 with an annual receiving capacity of 4 million tons. Zhuhai Station and Yangpu Station are scheduled to be completed in 2010. The annual receiving capacity is 3 million tons and 2 million tons respectively.
It is worth looking forward to LNG cold energy utilization technology. With the soaring international oil prices, energy and electricity costs have increased dramatically, and the utilization of LNG cold energy has begun to enter the limelight. For China, where per capita energy resources are only half of the world, the use of LNG cold energy is even more necessary.
LNG Emerging Industries Flourish In June 2006, China's first LNG project was put into operation in Shenzhen, which started the history of China's import of LNG. At present, the Fujian LNG project has signed a long-term 25-year long-term contract with Indonesia's Donggu Gas Field with an annual supply of 2.6 million tons. The Shanghai LNG project has also reached an annual long-term gas supply agreement of 3 million tons with the Malaysian oil company.
By 2010, in addition to the already-produced Guangdong LNG projects, projects under construction in Fujian and Shanghai will also be put into operation one after another. By then, China's LNG imports will reach a scale of 10 million tons per year.
According to China's LNG use plan, the domestic production capacity will reach 90 billion cubic meters in 2010 and 240 billion cubic meters in 2020. In importing natural gas, the National Development and Reform Commission estimates that by 2020, China will import 35 billion cubic meters, which is 7 times the total amount received by Guangdong Province.
The value of LNG cold energy utilization is huge While the three major oil giants in China are passionate about LNG construction, the use of LNG cold energy, a companion energy source for green environmental protection, has also attracted wide attention from all walks of life. In particular, international oil prices have remained high at over US$120. As well as the dramatic increase in the cost of electricity, the economic and social benefits of LNG cold energy utilization are increasingly salient.
According to reports, the gasification process per ton of LNG is equivalent to the release of 830 to 860 megajoules of cold energy. The same cooling method requires 850 kWh of electricity, which is estimated to be approximately RMB 420 according to the current Fujian electricity price. If you use cold energy for other projects, you can save 500 to 700 kWh per ton of LNG.
According to statistics, a 3 million-ton/year LNG receiving station, after deducting the pressure energy consumed in the high-pressure export of gas, can use 76 megawatts of cold power, equivalent to approximately 1 billion kWh of electrical energy. It is estimated that by the middle of this century, if China consumes 500 billion cubic meters of natural gas per year, including 100 billion cubic meters of imported LNG (equivalent to Japan's current import volume), the available cold energy is equivalent to 25.7 billion kWh/year, equivalent to 600 Million kilowatts of power generation per year.
Currently, LNG cold energy utilization projects in the world are mostly single users, and there are few multi-user integration projects. Only 20% of LNG cold energy has so far been utilized. The reason is that, on the one hand, at present, three-quarters of the 120 million tons of LNG trade is purchased by Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan from the international market. They have a developed market economy and few people in the land. It is difficult to simultaneously carry out LNG receiving station projects. Integrated planning and arrangement of cold energy utilization of downstream user groups; on the other hand, previous energy prices were low, resulting in low investment efficiency of cold energy comprehensive utilization projects.
Experts believe that specific historical opportunities have enabled China's LNG cold energy to have a comprehensive integration condition. Utilizing this opportunity, China's LNG cold energy utilization will certainly be able to achieve breakthroughs in technology, management mechanisms, and market operations.
Fujian LNG cold energy project has a demonstration effect China's first LNG cold energy utilization project started on September 27, 2007 in Putian, Fujian. The project was jointly established by CNOOC and AP. CNOOC will use this project as a demonstration project for the comprehensive utilization of LNG cold energy, and will subsequently invest in the construction of cold energy power generation, waste tire cryonic smashing, seawater desalination, dry ice manufacturing, refrigeration and preservation logistics projects to build and build Fujian LNG cold energy. Comprehensive use of industrial parks.
It is understood that the Fujian LNG station line project includes 1 receiving station/gas pipeline project and 8 gas projects. Among them, the first-phase construction includes: LNG receiving stations and gas trunk lines, LNG transportation projects, newly-built gas-fired power plants, five city gas users, and LNG tankers with an annual receiving capacity of 2.6 million tons. Gas project.
According to estimates by experts, the first phase of cold energy utilization is about 880 million kilowatt-hours of electricity, which has considerable social and economic benefits.
Putian Project uses the technology of British BP to develop China's LNG cold energy utilization business. Judging from the current situation, China may have plans for each large-scale LNG receiving station to include the industrial energy recycling economy chain of the cold energy utilization industrial chain, natural gas cooling, heating and power supply, and the separation of light hydrocarbons for the recycling of chemical raw materials. Economic Park. At the same time, the LNG cold energy comprehensive optimization and utilization technology with independent intellectual property rights has been developed to enable LNG cold energy to be scientifically and fully integrated and optimized.
The development of natural gas can not ignore the role of LNG peaking the international oil prices all the way up, the natural gas price advantage has stimulated the strong demand for China's natural gas market. On the other hand, soaring oil prices have also prompted international LNG suppliers to increase supply prices, making it difficult for China to purchase imported LNG.
At present, China's self-produced natural gas mainly relies on a limited number of long-distance transmission pipelines. Apart from the huge hidden safety problems in gas supply, it also exposes the problem of poor peak-sealing capacity of long-distance pipelines. Therefore, the National Development and Reform Commission recently issued a policy on the use of natural gas, which regards urban gas heating gas and industrial fuel gas as permissible rather than included in the priority category. The reporter believes that this is related to the current peak seasoning capacity of long-distance pipelines.
Insufficient gas supply in winter due to tight gas supply In the past few years, the winter natural gas market in various parts of the country has often been in short supply. This has caused many city gas companies to contract the development of the natural gas market to avoid the risk of winter outages. In some economically more developed cities, gas users can and will be willing to pay for higher season peak seasoning gas sources, which has prompted Zhongyuan Oilfield and other companies to launch inland LNG projects, which has also led to the construction of large-scale foreign exchange companies in Xinjiang. Inland LNG projects. The practices of Zhongyuan Oilfield and Xinjiang Guanghui reflect, to a certain extent, the need of China's urban gas market for LNG as a seasonal peaking gas source.
From the United States to see how to solve the problem of seasonal peaking The seasonal peaking problem has a close relationship with the history of the development of LNG. The world's first shipment of LNG took place in 1959, but the world's first LNG production plant was put into operation as early as 1941. In that year, the gas company in Cleveland, USA, in order to solve the seasonal peaking problem, liquefied natural gas transferred from non-peak natural gas pipelines to LNG and stored it, using peak gas hours as a supplemental gas source.
To date, nearly 100 such inland LNG peaking facilities have been built in the United States with a total natural gas reserve of about 2.4 billion cubic meters. The data shows that the total amount of LNG exported from inland LNG storage stations throughout the United States is about 1.3 billion cubic meters annually. These inland LNG facilities are generally built in the vicinity of the gas-using cities and are connected to the gas pipelines of local city gas companies. Some of them rely on tankers to turn around.
In fact, in addition to inland LNG facilities, the United States also relies on underground gas storage for seasonal peaks. Based on the total output of the entire winter season, the seasonal peak load of underground gas storages is much greater than that of inland LNG facilities. However, due to the difficulty in making significant adjustments to the injection and gas production rates of underground gas storages, and because the gas outflow rate is affected to a large extent by the remaining reserves in the gas storage, it is necessary to cooperate with inland LNG facilities in order to cope with the higher fluctuations in demand. Variety.
The development experts who support the seasonal supplemental gas source industry believe that in order to maintain a sustained, high-speed and healthy economic development, China should take the proportion of natural gas in the energy structure as a long-term energy strategy.
In the past few years, the tight supply and demand situation of natural gas in winter has exposed the problem of the unsatisfactory natural gas supply and demand layout in China. Seasonal peak adjustment has become an important constraint factor in the development of China's natural gas industry. How to solve the natural gas peaking problem in winter? The American experience can be used as a reference. However, we must also be soberly aware that the natural gas pipeline network density in China is far lower than that in the United States, the gas source is far from the market, and the geographical conditions for the development of underground gas storage facilities are not as good as the United States. Therefore, it is imperative to rely on inland LNG as seasonal peaking gas source.
The state should continue to increase the share of natural gas in the energy structure, and support the development of supplemental gas sources while striving to develop this rustic source and introduce overseas gas sources as conventional gas sources to meet basic needs. Because, the effective and rational use of inland LNG as seasonal peaking gas source can not only improve the energy efficiency of China, but also help the natural gas market to ease the contradiction between supply and demand in winter, and can also improve the supply of the entire natural gas industry chain including long-distance pipelines. Capability and economic benefits. As for whoever builds and operates LNG storage and gasification facilities, experts believe that provincial gas companies in different regions, in addition to city gas companies, should also actively participate. The cooperation between the city gas company and the provincial natural gas company will be conducive to the construction of a complete and effective regional natural gas transmission, gas storage, and gas distribution system, so as to promote the healthy, stable and sustainable development of China's natural gas industry.
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