There are about 294,000 contaminated sites in the United States, with serious soil pollution. Among them, from 1982 to 2005, a total of 1536 venues included in the NPL. In 2007 alone, the U.S. Superfund project spent $ 380 million on soil remediation projects.
It is estimated that the completion of all the contaminated soils in the United States will require a total investment of 208.9 billion yuan, with most of the repairs taking 30-35 years. The United States conducted extensive soil remediation projects after the 1980s. The soil remediation technology implemented by the US Superfund Fund Program has become an important window for all countries in the world to understand the latest changes in soil remediation technologies. Of the 2002-2005 financial year, 60% of the pollution source treatment projects used in situ repair technology, 13 percentage points higher than the 1982- 2005 financial year. This is mainly because the in situ repair technology has the characteristics of no need to dig the soil, low repair cost, suitable for the repair of deep contaminated media and little impact on the health of construction workers. According to statistics of 977 soil remediation projects in the United States from 1982 to 2005, the light-colored part shows the technique of in-situ repair and the dark part shows the ectopic repair technique. 462 in situ repair techniques, accounting for 48% of the total number of projects, and 515 ectopic repair techniques, accounting for 52% of the total. Of all the pollution remediation projects, 26% were extracted by in situ evaporation, 18% were ectopic solidified / stabilized and 11% were eutopic off-field. In recent years, a number of extraction and chemical treatment technologies have received more attention, while incineration technologies have been adopted less and less due to possible secondary pollution.
It is estimated that in Europe about 21.1 billion euros each year for the repair and management of polluted soil. From 1978 to 2007, some European countries and throughout Europe, the status of the application of soil remediation technology.
According to the national conditions of various countries in Europe, the soil remediation technologies used have obvious differences. In situ and ectopic thermal desorption, in situ and ectopic biological treatment, in situ and ectopic physicochemical treatment of contaminated sites accounted for 69.17% of all the statistical projects in Europe, including in situ thermal desorption, in situ biology Treatment and in situ physicochemical repair technology accounted for 35%, ectopic thermal desorption, ectopic bioprocessing and ectopic physicochemical repair technology accounted for 34.17%, both the proportion of the same, the other repair technology accounted for 30.83%. In practical engineering, the biological treatment technology is the most widely used, reaching 35%, of which 18.33% were in situ biological treatment and 16.67% in biological treatment. In addition, projects that treat contaminated soil as waste instead of renewable resources (including excavation techniques, pollution control, etc.) still account for a large proportion in Europe, reaching 37%.
The research on soil remediation technology started late in our country. Combined with the factors such as uneven regional development, diversity of soil types, variability of contaminated sites, complexity of pollution types and diversity of technical requirements, Demonstration base, demonstration area and pilot area, and obtained many phytoremediation achievements as well as the technical achievements of rehabilitating plant resources utilization.
Physical / chemical repair techniques used in more research are: (1) curing - stabilization; (2) washing; (3) chemical oxidation - reduction; (4) soil electrokinetics repair. The goal is to contaminate the site of soil in situ repair techniques. The research and application of joint remediation technology is more: (1) microbial / animal-plant combination repair; (2) chemical / physico-biological joint repair; (3) physical-chemical joint repair. The goal is to mix contaminated site soil remediation techniques.
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