Power battery is the core of new energy vehicles. While the battery output is increasing and the products are put on the market, a problem that cannot be ignored is urgently placed in front of us, that is, the recycling of used lithium batteries. With the continuous strengthening of environmental protection and resource recycling awareness, as well as the active involvement of vehicle and power battery companies, China's battery recycling industry will eventually follow a healthy and orderly benign track.
The new energy vehicle market began to grow at a high speed in 2014, and new energy vehicles have emerged during the 2008 Olympic Games. According to the corresponding scrapping standards, the market for power lithium battery scrapped batteries has begun to form. It is expected that China’s power battery waste recycling market will be 2018. It will take shape, accumulating 12.08GWH of used power batteries, and the accumulated scrap will reach 172,500 tons.
The industry expects that the recovery of cobalt, nickel, manganese, lithium, iron and aluminum from a huge amount of waste lithium batteries will create a recycling market of more than 5.3 billion yuan, which will exceed 10 billion yuan by 2020, and waste power in 2023. The lithium battery market will reach 25 billion yuan.
Most of the vehicle power batteries in China are lithium-ion batteries. Although they do not contain heavy metal elements such as mercury, cadmium and lead, the waste lithium-ion batteries are extremely polluted if they are not handled properly.
Once the organic electrolyte and heavy metal substances such as cobalt, copper and nickel penetrate into the water and the soil, it will bring hidden dangers to the ecological environment and even endanger human health. If the necessary recycling and disposal of the used lithium battery is not carried out, it will not only cause waste of resources, but also cause certain pollution to the environment. Therefore, it is extremely urgent to speed up the recycling of power lithium batteries, which has become a major issue affecting the development of new energy automobile industry.
Although the power lithium battery recycling industry is considered to have important market value, at present, China's power battery recycling industry is still in the early stage of development, the industry closed loop has not yet formed, and the development is relatively slow. In 2015, the domestic recycling power battery recovery rate is only 2%. The reasons are mainly as follows: the policy and regulation system is not perfect; the industry development is not standardized; the market is not yet mature; the recycling cost is high, and the economy and safety are not good.
At present, the recycling channels of power batteries are mainly based on small recycling workshops. There are fewer professional recycling companies and government recycling centers, and the system needs to be reorganized. Most of the used power batteries have flowed into the lack of qualified refurbished small workshops, which are backward in process equipment. However, if it is handed over to a formal enterprise that is legally registered to pay taxes, obtaining qualifications and discharging according to national standards will inevitably lead to a lack of competitiveness in price. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the policy to ensure the sustainable development of the battery recycling industry.
To this end, on January 3, 2017, the General Office of the State Council issued the "Promoting Program for the Extension of Producer Responsibility System" to take the lead in implementing the producer responsibility extension system for products such as electrical appliances, automobiles, lead storage batteries and packaging materials, and clarified that The focus of the work of various products within. By 2020, establish a recycling system for electric vehicle power batteries.
Although the government has successively promulgated some policies and regulations, there is no mandatory legal policy, nor does it really implement the responsibility, and clearly stipulates the rules and regulations.
In view of the various difficulties in the recovery of power lithium batteries, the two associations on behalf of Tianneng Group Chairman Zhang Tianren said that it will increase key technologies such as dismantling, reorganization, testing and life prediction of used lithium batteries, improve technology maturity and safety of production processes. , as well as automation level and recycling efficiency, make the recycling and reuse of power lithium battery economically feasible and safe; strengthen the standardization research on structural design, process technology and integrated installation of power lithium battery, and announce the traceability system and new energy vehicle products Manage hooks to ensure battery lifecycle information records, improve detection and evaluation convenience and accuracy.
“It is also necessary to formulate implementation rules for the incentives for the recycling of power lithium batteries, and establish a reward and punishment mechanism. For example, companies that fail to fulfill their obligations in accordance with the recycling policy should be punished, and the recycling and recycling enterprises should subsidize or tax preferentially according to the number of batteries and capacity. Encourage business model innovation pilots and promotion applications, etc., Zhang Tianren said.
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