It is understood that the application of non-ferrous metal materials in shipbuilding is very early. As early as 1891, the world's first aluminum alloy ship was built. However, due to the low production and high cost of aluminum alloys at the time, the technical requirements also failed to meet the corresponding requirements, resulting in a service life much lower than the design life. Manganese brass became the main material for the manufacture of marine propellers in 1876, but there are also problems such as severe cavitation corrosion. However, with the successful development of alloy design techniques, large anode cell technology, extrusion technology, heat treatment technology, non-melting inert gas shielded welding (TIG) welding technology, surface treatment and coating technology, aluminum alloys are widely used. Applied to the ship's side, bottom plate, keel, ribs and other parts, aluminum alloy is also made into aluminum alloy drill pipe with its advantages of light weight, high reliability, good drilling performance and strong heat resistance. Nickel-copper alloys have become the most widely used propeller materials in the world. Shipboard condensers and pipes for large oil tankers are also important areas for copper alloy pipe applications. In 2013, the global consumption of copper alloys for ship heat exchange is expected to reach 151,000 tons, while the consumption of copper alloys for domestic ship heat exchange is expected to reach 103,000 tons. In addition, magnesium alloys and zinc alloys are also used in the construction of offshore equipment.
The development and application of marine non-ferrous metal materials in foreign countries is relatively early and the development is very rapid. In terms of research, since the year 2000, the American Ship Structure Association has successively made structural optimization schemes for the conversion of aluminum alloy structure vehicle ferries to military ferries, aluminum alloy marine structure design and processing guidelines, design and detailed design of high-speed aluminum ships. Series of studies. In the application of non-ferrous metals, Austal Ship built the world's largest all-aluminum ship "Benchijigua Express", which has a total length of 126.7 meters and a width of 30.4 meters, capable of carrying 1,350 people and 340 cars. The aircraft deck and runway of the US “enterpreis†aircraft carrier are made of aluminum alloy. In 2004, Campos Baxin Company of Brazil also built the world's first all-aluminum oil platform. Alcoa's aluminum alloy drill pipes are used in more than 4 million feet in 26 countries and 6 continents.
China has also made some achievements in the application of marine non-ferrous metal materials. For example, China has built an all-aluminum wave-piercing double-body work boat and Asia's largest all-aluminum ship. However, compared with foreign countries, China still has a big gap in the development and application of marine non-ferrous metals. At present, the corrosion failure rate of copper alloy pipelines for ships and oil platforms in China is as high as 33%, and the communication efficiency of RF cables and submarine cables is only 15% of that of developed countries. At the same time, China's marine non-ferrous metal materials have higher energy consumption in smelting, pollution is more serious, and resource utilization is lower. In terms of processing, although there are more than 3,000 non-ferrous metal material processing enterprises, the scale is small, and less than 100 production capacity exceeds 10,000 tons. In the development of new materials, the development, experiment and application cycle of many marine non-ferrous metal materials in China are too long, the research and development process is slow, and new technologies, new technologies and new equipment for material preparation rely on foreign imports. Corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant copper alloys for carrier aircraft and aircraft and corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant copper alloy pump tubes for marine oil and gas development are all dependent on imports. There is also a big gap in technology research and development. Taking aluminum alloy as an example, China has hardly mastered the alloy design and preparation technology of high-end welding materials, and the extrusion preparation technology of high-strength and corrosion-resistant alloy drilling tubes.
In this regard, some experts pointed out that with the further development of China's shipbuilding industry, the demand for marine non-ferrous metal materials will also become larger and larger. China must strengthen its R&D and application work in this area to avoid being subject to people. Experts suggest that China should speed up the establishment of relevant offshore projects, increase investment in high-tech, and drive the development of related non-ferrous metals industry with large demand and high technology; establish a national-level strategic innovation alliance for the production, research and research of marine non-ferrous metal materials and countries. The level of collaborative innovation center, strive to establish a new type of marine materials research and development system; strengthen international cooperation and technology, information exchange, and use external forces to achieve development. In addition, China's shipbuilding enterprises should also actively participate in the research and development of marine non-ferrous metal materials, promote R&D with demand, and make the research and development of marine non-ferrous metal materials more targeted.
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