With the rapid development of urban social economy, the contradiction between energy supply and demand is becoming increasingly prominent. For power supply and distribution systems, it is particularly important to promote energy-saving and consumption-reduction technical measures and equipment devices. The transformer is the core power distribution and dispatching equipment in the power distribution system. Its energy-saving economic dispatching operation is the most important task in the power system energy-saving research. Taking reasonable measures to reduce the transformer energy consumption is the key to the power distribution system.
First, the key technology of transformer energy saving
1.1 Adopt new materials
The use of new materials instead of aluminum alloy or steel materials in the manufacture of transformers can enhance the anti-corrosion properties of transformers and reduce the electrical resistance, thus achieving the goal of energy conservation and consumption reduction. At present, there are two main types of new materials that are more popular. The first type is an oxygen-free copper material, which can effectively reduce the internal resistance of the distribution transformer's coil and achieve energy saving and consumption reduction. The oxygen-free copper material has the characteristics of simple processing technology, convenient material acquisition and low cost, and is also conducive to enhancing the ability of the distribution transformer to resist short circuit. The second is the use of amorphous alloy materials as magnet materials for distribution transformers. The core made of amorphous alloy material can effectively reduce the electromagnetic loss, so as to achieve the purpose of improving the economical efficiency of the distribution transformer.
1.2 Adding Automatic Voltage Regulator
The loss of the transformer is closely related to the voltage of the distribution network. By installing the corresponding compensating capacitor on the load tap position of the transformer, the operating voltage of the distribution network can be optimized and adjusted. The automatic voltage regulator is a device that uses a three-phase coupling transformer to automatically adjust the ratio to ensure the stability of the output voltage according to the actual input voltage value of the distribution transformer, so that the input voltage value is automatically adjusted within 3% of the normal value. The corresponding controller controls the voltage of the entire system in real time to achieve maximum energy savings.
1.3 Economical Operation of Distribution Transformers
The energy consumption of distribution transformers is not only related to the manufacturing materials and processing technology of the distributors, but also has a lot to do with the operation mode of distribution transformers. Therefore, optimizing the operation mode of distribution transformers is the key to saving energy and reducing consumption of distribution transformers. The current mode of operation of traditional distribution transformers is still used in China. The operation mode of this traditional transformer is not reasonable enough, which leads to a high energy consumption of the transformer and does not meet the economic requirements.
In the actual distribution system, no power compensation can be used. The specific measure is to install parallel transformer reactive power compensation components in the distribution system so as to provide reactive power consumed by inductive loads. Commonly used methods include: First, the grouping of distribution transformers is compensated, and no power consumption components are connected in parallel at low voltage. The second is to adopt advanced technical means to keep the transformer running in line with the long-term balanced working conditions.
In addition, an important technical measure to reduce the operation loss of distribution transformers is to make the distribution transformers basically balanced by adjusting the balance of three-phase loads. In an actual distribution transformer, when the three-phase load is unbalanced, negative sequence voltage will be caused and the system voltage will fluctuate, thus affecting the energy consumption of the distribution system. When the three-phase distribution transformer is unbalanced, it not only increases its own energy consumption, but also increases the loss of the line. Therefore, three-phase power must be balanced.
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